Can a LER bid its entire capacity on the FCR markets?

A resource with limited energy reserves must allocate both power and energy to avoid the risk of being unable to deliver the bid capacity.

• For FCR-N, this primarily involves managing situations where the frequency remains consistently above or below 50 Hz for several hours, which is not uncommon.
• For FCR-D, it concerns situations where the frequency does not return to the normal range within 20 minutes after a major disturbance.
• For FCR-N, there must be reserved power equivalent to 134% of the activated capacity, and an energy volume corresponding to 1 hour of delivery of the activated capacity.
• For FCR-D, there must be reserved power equivalent to 20% of the activated capacity in the opposite direction, and an energy volume corresponding to 20 minutes of delivery of the activated capacity.

The reason additional power must be reserved is that full activation of FCR-N and FCR-D must be possible even if a previous activation in the opposite direction has triggered a recharge process.

For example, if there is initially an under-frequency event and FCR-D up is activated, followed by a return to the normal range and the start of recharging (with power shifting to 20% in the down-regulation direction), and then a new event causes the frequency to reach 50.5 Hz, the full FCR-D down capacity must be available for activation in addition to the already activated down-regulation for recharging.

See example calculations of allowed bid capacity for LER resources (.pdf) open_in_newOpens in a new window (in Swedish)